Let's first understand the types of vertical machining centers. Vertical machining centers are divided into vertical machining centers, horizontal machining centers, and gantry machining centers based on the position of the spindle space. Among them, vertical machining centers where the spindle is in a vertical state in space are the most common. Usually, customer processing factories require an X-axis machining stroke of less than 1000mm, which can be met by small machining centers. Therefore, most customers purchase small vertical machining centers.

The structure of a small machining center mainly consists of a body, columns, worktable, spindle, tool system, and numerical control system.

1. Workbench: The workbench is rectangular and its structural form is mostly fixed column. There are usually three linear motion axes: X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. Four axis machining can also be achieved by adding a fractionation head and a rotating worktable.

2. Spindle: composed of spindle box, spindle bearings, and spindle motor. The machining operation of the spindle is controlled by the numerical control system, and the cutting tools installed on the spindle participate in the cutting motion. It is the output component during the cutting process.

3. Numerical control system: It needs to process electrical signals from other devices, clarify the overall status of the machine tool, and provide instructions for the next step of work. For example, a small machining center executes a tool change command. The detection devices involved include servo motors, spindle clamping tool sensors, and tool magazine number sensors. The system determines the spatial position of the spindle movement through servo motors, determines whether the tool is installed on the spindle through the spindle clamping tool sensor, and confirms the tool number on the tool magazine at this time through the tool magazine number sensor. The final control system uses signals transmitted by different detection devices at different times as reference data to make the next action. The numerical control system directly determines the stability of small machining centers, so careful selection of the system is necessary.

4. Tool library system: composed of tool library, robotic arm, drive mechanism, and other parts. When it is necessary to replace the tool, instructions are issued through CNC programming. The robotic arm can remove the tool from the tool holder and insert it into the spindle hole. The automatic tool changing system equipped on the machining center solves the problems of time required for manual clamping and continuous processing of multiple processes. Improved work efficiency and processing progress.